It’s standard economic talk these days to divide nations into “developed” and “emerging”. In the developed ones, manufacturing of physical goods has declined sharply as a percent of GDP, and has been doing so for 2-3 generations. (I don’t know the exact numbers for the U.S., but they are probably available in the St. Louis Federal Reserve database called FRED). Emerging nations are industrializing, manufacturing the world’s goods, and increasingly providing the services too. The above is one description of post-industrial / industrial.
But I don’t think defining industrial or post-industrial matters all that much to Robinson’s arguments. Education is still run on a factory model, standardized subjects (primarily left brained ones), taught to groups of students according to their “date of manufacture” (I like that phrase of his), with measured outcomes. Don’t get me wrong, I am for ALL students taking math and sciences. Those subjects are vitally important. But content taught by student age, rather than ability at a specific point in time, is not likely the best approach. And these subjects are not EVERYTHING. The arts (performing and visual), are neglected. The liberal arts too. To thrive in a world of global competition requires a great deal of creativity and divergent thinking, by corporations and individuals. (I’d like to say politicians too, but that’s a lost cause). I think that is the primary point Robinson is making. (The creativity bit, not the politician part

). The arts (including the liberal arts), taught properly, encourage these things. (spectator – dance as part of PE or as part of a musical, is not being taught properly) . Perhaps I shouldn't say the “arts”. For example, I don’t mean dance, I mean movement to sound; I don’t mean playing piano, I mean learning to HEAR music and let it emotionally touch you (by listening and singing, playing an instrument comes later). For lack of a better word, the “arts” are one way to develop creativity and divergent thinking, not the only way, but a good way. Taught and nurtured throughout the 12-13 years of formal education the measurable outcome would quite likely be well-rounded, confident human beings, better able to decide their post-secondary area of study, and able to prosper in any economic environment. Any nation able to nurture creativity and divergent thinking is going to be ahead of the game, post-industrial, industrial, agricultural…IMHO.
Sorry to put all this on a tango forum. Anyone who wants to can send me a PM to carry on the discussion. Or we can carry on here…