Hi there Jcapps. Welcome to the wide, beautiful world of dance!
What I find about improving my dancing is that there are three different forms of practice, and for best results you want each of these in a specific ratio and sequence.
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First, of course, is Lessons. This is where you learn new stuff from a professional, and can get expert feedback on your current status. Lessons, of course, are the most expensive form of practice, but the one most important for making clear progress.
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Next is Slow Practice. In this, you focus closely on improving your understanding of what you learned in your lessons. Studying footwork, step sizes, body positions, interaction with your partner, etc. Slow Practice is slow because you will rarely use music for it, and will rarely do long sequences of different things.
For example,the other day my partner and I spent 20 minutes studying Bounce Fallaway in International Foxtrot, and the next 25 on Spin Turn + Contra Check in International Waltz. Despite the unimpressive-looking amount of material there, I can honestly say it was super productive!
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Finally we have Drill. Here, you just dance to music for a long time. The main purpose is to convert mental processing to muscle memory, so you can stop thinking about steps and patterns and simply enjoy and express the music instead. This can be done anywhere you have space, but social dancing events are a great way to add more fun to it.
If you are interested in either competition or dancing for fitness, Drill is also invaluable for building up strength and stamina.
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The "best" ratio and sequence of these will vary from person to person, but here's what works best for me.
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Slow Practice time should have at least a 1:1 to 2:1 ratio with Lesson time. Without slow practice, the lessons just don't stick--or if they do, I tend to acquire lots of bad habits that I then need to un-learn through later lessons. Super inefficient and expensive!
Ideally, I try to arrange slow practice sessions immediately following a lesson, or at least in the next day or two. The fresher, the better!
In addition, I often do ~10 minutes of slow practice on my own whenever I have nothing better to do. Nothing special here; I just recap a step or pattern or movement wherever I happen to be, be it an empty hallway, my kitchen, an open field where the dog decided to do her business, or whatever. I do this because short, frequent repetitions are far better for knowledge and skills retention than infrequent marathon sessions.
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Drill is the most fun form of practice. I place no upper limits on how much of this I do (life schedule permitting, of course), but at a minimum I try to do drill once per week. As a dance competitor, it's important for me to maintain dance strength and stamina, and dancing 90-straight-minutes once-a-week is the bare minimum necessary to keep my level of conditioning.
In order to add some structure (and warmup) to my drilling, I usually try to schedule a Slow Practice session immediately before it. Music, laughter, and general funtimes aside, I find my dancing itself is much higher quality when I do this.
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As a concrete example, here's what a minimal practice week might look like for me:
MONDAY
45 minute Lesson
45 minute Slow Practice
FRIDAY
45 minute Slow Practice
90 minute Drill (social dance)
If I do any additional lessons, I try to follow up with Slow Pratice, just as you see on Monday. Additional Drill sessions may or may not coincide with anything else--my Fridays work the way they do because the event I favor has a free group lesson beforehand, and they don't mind if my partner and I ignore that and just slow practice in a far-off corner. Also, not shown are the 10-minute sessions I do ad-hoc on my own. Some weeks, I just don't get a free moment!