My dad has had about six back surgeries, and none of them have ever helped all that much. It seems to me that back and neck injuries are an area that is wide open for some serious research.
OTOH, my mother had neck surgery about 10 years ago, and it was a god-send for her. She had bulging discs in her neck, went to p.t., and they ended up shattering/crushing 2 of her vertebrae (sp? Why can't I spell this morning? GRRR!) She'd gotten steadily worse for about a year before the crushing incident--going from not liking to use her left arm, to not being able to use it, to just kind of carrying her left arm around with her right (like a sling), to not being able to stand up straight. It was odd, b/c it happened gradually and we never really realized how bad it had gotten. Then p.t., and they vertebrae shattered, and she was in unbearable, constant pain.
They took a bone graft from her hip, and did something bone-graft-y with it (they went in through the front/neck/throat), put a titanium plate in her neck, and...voila. The recovery has taken a long time (years, really), and there are still some things she has to be careful with (bobsledding is BAD!), but she has her life back.
Even if she can't look up at all. When we went to Italy, about 3 years after the surgery, she souldn't see the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. So she stood very rigidly, and my Dad would hold her under her arms and lower her back/down...kind of like a hand truck...and then walk around in a circle so she could see the ceiling. Odd, but cute, and it worked.